tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29818549657094037892024-02-20T19:17:40.658-08:00TCV GOPALPUR CLASS VIII UPDATELHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-37533156372181506222014-04-16T09:48:00.000-07:002014-04-16T10:03:55.434-07:00METALS AND NON-METALS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-89170631541192207512012-11-28T02:22:00.000-08:002012-11-28T02:22:16.601-08:00SOME NATURAL PHENOMENA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">SOME NATURAL PHENOMENA<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Natural phenomena can be harmful and destructive. These cause lots of damage to human life and property.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Some natural disasters or calamities are storms, cyclones, earthquakes, lightning, landslide, tsunami, cloud burst, hurricane, forest fire, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Lightning is an electric spark on a huge scale caused by accumulation of charges in the cloud.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">In 600 BC, Greeks knew that when amber is rubbed with fur, it attracted hair.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">In 1752, Benjamin Franklin, an American scientist showed lightning as static charge same as electric sparks produced with crackling sound while taking off woolen or polyester clothes, especially in the night.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Static charge is acquired by rubbing an object with another object. The object acquiring charge after rubbing is termed </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">charged object</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Static charge may be positive or negative.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdLTQ4v8rajtvBs4e5BYNBE678ZYyx0dJznIWgMS79LxT9F_mlyoUAAEOSadsZc7MtStQbLGP_cJcxBq-ZlWyAt18Qkbqu3DL4wR3aRXOBy9QkbF146i1m487jRH3G97mdF9_-hSeiEcMv/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdLTQ4v8rajtvBs4e5BYNBE678ZYyx0dJznIWgMS79LxT9F_mlyoUAAEOSadsZc7MtStQbLGP_cJcxBq-ZlWyAt18Qkbqu3DL4wR3aRXOBy9QkbF146i1m487jRH3G97mdF9_-hSeiEcMv/s1600/1.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Convention for static charge:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Charge acquired by a glass rod when rubbed with silk is positive.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Straw rubbed with polythene is negatively charged<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Electroscope is used to test whether object is charged or not.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Loss of charge from an object or body is known as</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> discharge</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Earthing</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> is a process of transferring of charge from a charged object to the earth.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Earthing is provided in buildings to protect us from electrical shocks due to leakage of electrical current.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">LIGHTNING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">During development of thunderstorm, vigorous air currents move upward while the water droplets move downward causing separation of charges.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Positive charges accumulate near the upper edges of clouds and negative charges collect near the lower edges. There is gathering of positive charges near the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">When the magnitude of the accumulated charges becomes very large, there produce streaks of bright light and sound due to meeting of negative and positive charges. The process is termed electric discharge.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Electric discharge can occur between two or more clouds or between clouds and earth.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR9nzwPkK-IQtq_aY0QIFJxaR0EQZICuXX0hRhbUgdEjr3y5tA-mYanVNa-PUXjw2f7QRVMOFVBkAHxJplFmOBI01nT_HOUQEzANbR-We20lZeP5YVdY9KyM0IvGSkobthd1CQDStFhwka/s1600/2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR9nzwPkK-IQtq_aY0QIFJxaR0EQZICuXX0hRhbUgdEjr3y5tA-mYanVNa-PUXjw2f7QRVMOFVBkAHxJplFmOBI01nT_HOUQEzANbR-We20lZeP5YVdY9KyM0IvGSkobthd1CQDStFhwka/s1600/2.JPG" height="209" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Scientists have not yet understood the entire detail of lightning.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Meteorology department can predict developing of thunderstorm. If a thunderstorm occurs there is possibility of lightning and cyclones.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">LIGHTNING SAFETY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">During lightning and thunderstorm, one should stay in safe places (house or building).<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">If in you are in car, doors and windows should be closed.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">DO’S AND DON’TS DURING A THUNDERSTORM<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">OUT SIDE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Unsafe places which don’t protect us from lightning </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Monlam Uni Chouk'; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">strokes are: motor bike, tractors, construction machineries, tall trees, open fields, shelters in parks, elevated places, under umbrella<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">In forest, take shelter under shorter trees.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">If you are in open field, try to avoid threes, metallic objects, poles and squat low to ground instead lying on the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">INSIDE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">During lightning, avoid bathing and contact with telephone cords, electrical wires, metal pipes.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">It is safer to use mobile phones or cordless phones. You shouldn’t use wired phone during lightning.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Unplug electrical appliances like computers, TV, etc during lightning.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Lightning conductor is device used to protect buildings from effect of lightning. Installation of metallic rod taller than building during its construction exposing one end of the rod in air and the other is buried deep in the ground. The rod provides easy route for transfer of electric charge to the ground.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Electrical wires, water pipes in buildings also protect us to some extent.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDE6cb1nxsVz1euE7C2nzN6pROay9txq_9v1LWpnNP8qpT599t6DXQB_dQlpiJRHAsbUrFEsJn2_zIN6DAui2zwo_lApygOs5F1EL5cbkg8JpLYV2wGlSBNDRLauCvGHVbAQ8eiuOKIYnQ/s1600/3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDE6cb1nxsVz1euE7C2nzN6pROay9txq_9v1LWpnNP8qpT599t6DXQB_dQlpiJRHAsbUrFEsJn2_zIN6DAui2zwo_lApygOs5F1EL5cbkg8JpLYV2wGlSBNDRLauCvGHVbAQ8eiuOKIYnQ/s1600/3.JPG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">EARTHQUAKES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Earthquake is a sudden shaking or trembling of the earth lasting for short period of time caused by disturbance deep inside earth’s crust.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Earthquake is difficult to predict accurately. It is occurring all the time all over the earth.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Earthquake cause immense damage to buildings, bridges, dams and people. It can cause floods, landslides and tsunamis.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">WHAT CAUSES EARTHQUAKES?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Outer most layer of earth crust is fragmented. Each fragment is called plate. These plates are in continual motion. When the plates brush past one another or a plate goes under another due to collision, they cause disturbance in the earth crust. This disturbances cause earthquake on the surface of the earth. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimIBD644TJEh52bKKrG7rRr15Iqr3vgaU6NtoxA52F5FHHY9TiLpsle_V9PUWXWIFQ8djczh7oxXtXaN7szmRDbB4bPbzWZ2eALIBJqZxm9bJgonrHK9x50ysdWAmjW7jXrAzCTA-g7IBB/s1600/4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimIBD644TJEh52bKKrG7rRr15Iqr3vgaU6NtoxA52F5FHHY9TiLpsle_V9PUWXWIFQ8djczh7oxXtXaN7szmRDbB4bPbzWZ2eALIBJqZxm9bJgonrHK9x50ysdWAmjW7jXrAzCTA-g7IBB/s1600/4.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidVpLNzxFy2NzEcQFXxOz0DiubMRLv68kB-LCaBYvkMgg5QZAKyxLoN32SVddUurqTs4zTz_1HNRmz07dJmJvhOdpv9hnVwvI8aupj0MeBnsaMkoU-bCADE_W0qghLMFZ_9QMSgisQg_3q/s1600/5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidVpLNzxFy2NzEcQFXxOz0DiubMRLv68kB-LCaBYvkMgg5QZAKyxLoN32SVddUurqTs4zTz_1HNRmz07dJmJvhOdpv9hnVwvI8aupj0MeBnsaMkoU-bCADE_W0qghLMFZ_9QMSgisQg_3q/s1600/5.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Tremors can be caused by volcanic erupts, meteor hits the earth or by nuclear explosion is carried out.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Boundaries of the plates are the weak zones where earthquakes are more likely to occur. The weak zones are also known as </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 16px;">seismic zones or fault zones</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Seismic zones of India are Kashmir, western and central Himalayas, whole of north-east, Rann of kutch, Rajasthan and Indo-Gangetic plane.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Power of earthquake is expressed in terms of a magnitude on a scale called Richter scale. Destructive earthquake have magnitudes higher than 7 on the Richter scale.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Richter scale is not a linear scale.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">The tremors produce waves on the surface of the earth are termed seismic waves.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Seismic waves are recorded by an instrument called seismograph. </span></b> <b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Seismograph is a simple device with a vibrating rod or a pendulum attached to a pen which record seismic waves on a paper on a moving drum.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Seismologist can estimate the power of the destruction due to earthquake with the help of seismograph.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">PROTECTION AGAINST EARTHQUAKES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">People living in the seismic zones should be prepared before an earthquake strikes.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">It is advised to construct buildings which are quake safe.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tips for constructing buildings in fault zones;<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Use of timber and mud are better than using heavy construction materials.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Roofs should be made by light structures.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Cupboards should be fixed to the walls so that these didn’t fall.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Should avoid hanging wall clocks, photo frames, water heaters, etc so that they don’t fall on the people.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Every building should have fire fighting equipments.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee has developed quake proof houses.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">PROTECTIVE MEASURE WHEN EARTHQUAKE STRIKES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">If you are inside home<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Take shelter under table and stay until the shaking stops.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Stay away from tall and heavy objects that may fall on you.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">If you are on bed, don’t get up. Protect your head with a pillow.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">If you are outdoors<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Find a clear spot, away from buildings, trees, overhead power lines. Drop to ground.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">If you are in car or bus, don’t come out until the tremor stops. Ask driver to drive slowly to a clear spot.</span></b></div>
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LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-66651016766856186132012-11-17T08:49:00.001-08:002012-11-17T08:49:46.029-08:00T.C.V. SCHOOL, CLASS VIII COMMON SYLLABUS – 2013<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; line-height: 115%;">T.C.V. SCHOOL, CLASS
VIII COMMON SYLLABUS – 2013<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SUMMATIVE I (90 Marks)</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(A) <i>CHEMISTRY</i> <i>(29
Marks)</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Basic concept of atomic structure, electronic
configuration and valency. Formation of compounds from the radicals studied in
class VII (4
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Metals and Non metals (13
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Chemical effects of electric current (12 </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(B) <i>PHYSICS (29 Marks)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Light(Topic 16.10 is not included) (16
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Sound (13
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(C)<i> BIOLOGY</i> <i> (28
Marks)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cell- structure and function (14
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Microorganism (14
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(D) <i>ASSIGNMENT CHAPTER
(4 Marks)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Conservation of plants and animals<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">SUMMATIVE II (90 Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(A) <i>CHEMISTRY</i> <i>(28
Marks)</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Combustion and flame </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">(‘Burning
of fuel leads to harmful products’ is not included)</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> (15
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Synthetic fibres and plastics (13 </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(B) <i>PHYSICS (28
Marks)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Force and pressure</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">(</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Topic
15.2 to 15.4 of Chapter 15 is included as an extension to electrostatic force</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">(15 </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Friction
(13 </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(C) <i>BIOLOGY (30 Marks)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Reproduction in animals (15
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Reaching the age of adolescence (15 </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(D) <i>ASSIGNMENT CHAPTER
(4 Marks)<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Pollution of air and water (Topic 18.1 – 18.5) (2
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Stars and solar system (Topic 17.1 – 17.3) (2 </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">arks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BLUE
PRINT OF S.A. I<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">S.NO<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">CHAPTERS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">VSA(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">SA(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">LA(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">VLA(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">MCQ(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">TOTAL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Radicals<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
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<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Metals And Non Metals<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Chemical Effects Of Electric Current<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">12<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Light<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(6)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4(4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">16<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sound<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3(9)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cell- Structure And Function<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(6)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">14<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Microorganism<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(6)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">14<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">8<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Conservation Of Plants And Animals<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Number Of Questions (Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4(8)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">12(36)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">5(25)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">18(18)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">42(90)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BLUE
PRINT OF S.A. II<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .1in; margin-right: .1in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: page; mso-table-left: center; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 283.3pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">S.NO<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">CHAPTERS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">VSA(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">SA(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">LA(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">VLA(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">MCQ(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">TOTAL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Combustion And Flame<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(6)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4(4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Synthetic Fibre And Plastics<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(6)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4(4)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Force And Pressure<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(6)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Friction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(6)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Reproduction In Animals<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(6)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Reaching The Age Of Adolescence<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(6)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1(1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pollution Of Air(18.1-18.5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">8<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Stars And Solar System (17.1-17.3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2(2)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
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<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Number Of Questions (Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4(8)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">12(36)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">5(25)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">18(18)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .2in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">42(90)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Note:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Respective teachers are requested
to do all the activities given in the text book.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">This syllabus is totally based on
the NCERT SCIENCE TEXTBOOK (2008) for class VIII.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Maximum number of MCQ should be
set from the activities given in the textbook.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Question paper should be set
according to following difficulty levels:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Easy
- 15 Marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Average
– 60 Marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Difficult
– 15 Marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Basis of evaluation (in
percentage):<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Knowledge
-20%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Understanding
– 35%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Application
– 35%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Skill
– 10%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">At least one out of the five
marks questions should be descriptive type to test student’s explaining skill.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Following are the topics which
have been deleted from their respective chapters:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-<i>Topic 16.10 (Braille system)</i> from chapter ‘Light’.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-<i>‘Burning of fuel leads to harmful products’
from</i> chapter ‘Combustion and flame’<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Topics
15.2 to 15.4</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> of Chapter 15 are included as an
extension to electrostatic force in the chapter ‘Force and Pressure’.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
</div>
LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-26921759100254992262012-11-14T22:39:00.004-08:002012-11-14T22:39:54.872-08:00LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-73852573743980844682012-11-09T23:50:00.002-08:002012-11-09T23:55:04.576-08:00TIBETAN CHILDREN’S VILLAGE SCHOOLS CLASS VIII COMMON SA1 EXAMINATION – 2012<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="Section1">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b>TIBETAN CHILDREN’S VILLAGE SCHOOLS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b>CLASS VIII COMMON SA1 EXAMINATION – 2012<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b>SCIENCE PAPER<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b>Time: 3:00 Hrs M.M:
90<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">General
Instructions:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">This question paper consists of two sections A (MCQ), and B
( Theory )<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Questions in section A are multiple choice questions
carrying 1 mark each. You have to select one of the most appropriate response
out of the four provided to you.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Question numbers 1 to 5 carries 1 mark each. These are to
be answered in one word or one sentence.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Question numbers 6 to 15 carries 2 marks each. These are to
be answered normally in about 30 words each.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Question numbers 16 to 25 carries 3 marks each. Their
answers may not normally exceed 60 words.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Question numbers 26 to 28 are long answer type questions
carrying 5 marks each. These are to be answered in about 70 words each.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">SECTION A (MCQ)<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q1. A student has performed an activity in which he has
taken 4 beakers A, B, C, and D containing Copper Sulphate solution (CuSO</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">4</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">). Then he
dissolved in each beaker a teaspoonful of substances as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">CuSO</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">4 </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">+ Zn→ <o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">CuSO</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">4 </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">+ Fe→<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">CuSO</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">4 </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">+ Cu→<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">CuSO</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">4 </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">+ Ag→<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">In which solution
will he get displacement reaction?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Beaker B II) Beaker
C<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Beaker A and
B IV)
Beaker D<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q2. Tenzin has collected a spoonful of rust and dissolved
it in a very little amount of water. He find that the rust remain suspended in water. After shaking well he
test the solution with red and blue litmus paper. What did he observe?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section2">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Red litmus
paper turning into blue II) Blue litmus paper
turning into red<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Both I and
II IV) None of the above<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="Section3">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q3. Which solution from the following will glow the bulb in
the given circuit?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWviPgmzxFZwXB-iTQuce8nxx9YBasirenCAgPN08nLehVUcTCcuwtmA5Dc-mG5_XnuA96DN9FBB1zZGdhwiyAM2eM61eBfcEfuoA4AmgdhAmK5Fdx9DOCepxTN9-3ObOXIeCHgOzJtvY_/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWviPgmzxFZwXB-iTQuce8nxx9YBasirenCAgPN08nLehVUcTCcuwtmA5Dc-mG5_XnuA96DN9FBB1zZGdhwiyAM2eM61eBfcEfuoA4AmgdhAmK5Fdx9DOCepxTN9-3ObOXIeCHgOzJtvY_/s1600/1.JPG" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
</div>
<div class="Section4">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Sugar solution </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">II) Distilled
water</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Alcohol </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">IV) Lemon Juice</span></b></div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="Section5">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q4. When an electric current is passed through the CuSO</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">4 </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Solution, it dissociated into Cu and SO</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">4</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">. In this process
of electroplating, the free Cu get drawn to which terminal of the battery.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section6">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Positive
terminal
II) Negative terminal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Both the
terminal
IV) None of the above</span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section8">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q5. Tin cans are used for storing food because:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section9">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) They are cheap </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">II) They are
reactive metal</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;"> III) They
help in keeping the food hot </span></b><b style="text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;"> IV) They protect the food for longer period.</span></b></div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="Section10">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q6. In LED, one Lead is slightly longer than the other. The
lead which is always connected to the positive terminal of the battery is:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section11">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Longer lead II)
Shorter lead<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Both the
lead are of same size IV)
None of the above</span></b></div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="Section13">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q7. Which process of reproduction is shown by this diagram?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWpfxwrv1nLPMl1Gwi59EglNmK2QHQJyUzOuxwtPifvNm76HqvLz9i9l-me-cL-ZNeZOl0l35a7Dhs5OQ0uspt_lUqhbGSzLNXJYRqn0njJHFiQL26ZWLXdcmN7dmY5aKF2dHWJ4t5kAhD/s1600/7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWpfxwrv1nLPMl1Gwi59EglNmK2QHQJyUzOuxwtPifvNm76HqvLz9i9l-me-cL-ZNeZOl0l35a7Dhs5OQ0uspt_lUqhbGSzLNXJYRqn0njJHFiQL26ZWLXdcmN7dmY5aKF2dHWJ4t5kAhD/s320/7.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 56.7pt; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Budding II) Embedding <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Metamorphosis
IV)
Fertilisation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q8. External fertilization occurs in:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 56.7pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Mammal II)
Birds <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Fishes IV) Reptile<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q9. Observe the given life cycle of frog carefully and name
the stage marked in diagram:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz7pGfyrVuI5w2kh7LjE8WgCviyC-GnnYYitzkAPaqA5O__sDoAnPrfZcqzpZwe2Xt9BePrUBGQC6pg4qJHoNEvXyfv2WUzC43x56vTfLgOkPL8t1xqgpQbT-7KauiO_rLU-v2F2tI72Hf/s1600/9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 0.5in;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz7pGfyrVuI5w2kh7LjE8WgCviyC-GnnYYitzkAPaqA5O__sDoAnPrfZcqzpZwe2Xt9BePrUBGQC6pg4qJHoNEvXyfv2WUzC43x56vTfLgOkPL8t1xqgpQbT-7KauiO_rLU-v2F2tI72Hf/s320/9.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 56.7pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Adult Frog II) Eggs <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Late tadpole
IV) Early Tadpole<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q10. The number of nuclei present in a zygote is:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section14">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Two </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">II)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">One</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Four </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">IV)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">None</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="Section15">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q11. Reproductive age in women starts when their:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section16">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Menstruation
starts </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">II) Breast starts
developing</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Body weight
increases </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">IV) Height increases</span></b></div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="Section17">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q12. Menarche in the reproductive life of a women refer to<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section18">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) The first
menstrual flow </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">II) The last
menstrual flow</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Irregularity
in the menstrual flow </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">IV) Periods of
menstrual flow</span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section19">
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section20">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -42.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 42.55pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q13. The
endocrine gland that is located on the kidney is called:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0in list 35.45pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Pancreas II) Thyroid Gland<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Adrenal
gland
IV) Liver<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q14. Beautiful patterns are formed in a
kaleidoscope because of:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Single
reflection II)
Double reflection<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Multiple
reflection
IV) Irregular reflection<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q15. Identify the protruding part given
in the diagram:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;"> </span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6eI2pdO_z8cIWE1vuxaL5QeY5UU3oH4CvzCiFp5rjcksH-eI4NGYfYhrtHwjzM24WCchanekUWZ1Mu53wGNAn1Ve3c3-l49yJkLRIEULZVGP8scKp4OoVxx4VNYbnPNc0Wut7jAy5FJZL/s1600/15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 48px;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6eI2pdO_z8cIWE1vuxaL5QeY5UU3oH4CvzCiFp5rjcksH-eI4NGYfYhrtHwjzM24WCchanekUWZ1Mu53wGNAn1Ve3c3-l49yJkLRIEULZVGP8scKp4OoVxx4VNYbnPNc0Wut7jAy5FJZL/s320/15.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Neck II) Throat III) Oesophagus IV)
Adam’s apple<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q16. Sunlight consists of:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 0in list 56.7pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">3 Colours II)
7 Colours<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) 4 Colours IV)
None of these<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q17. Image formed by a plane mirror is:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section21">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) Virtual,
behind the mirror and enlarged<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">II) Virtual,
behind the mirror and of the same size as the object<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) Real, at the
surface of the mirror and enlarged<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 0in; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">IV) Real, behind
the mirror and of the same size as the object</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;"><br /></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="Section22">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q18. The image of an object is formed at the:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section23">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Iris </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">II)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Pupil </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Lens </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">IV)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Retina</span></b></div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="Section24">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q19. Which one is correct among the following?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section25">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I) A sound
pleasing to ear is music </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">II) An
undesirable sound is noise</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III) A sound
which can be heard is audible </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">IV) All of these</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="Section26">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q20. Voice of which of the following is likely to have
minimum frequency?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section27">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Baby girl </span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">II)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Baby boy</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">III)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">A man </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">IV) A Woman</span></b></div>
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">SECTION B</span></u></b><b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q1. Name the non – metal which we inhale during breathing. 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q2. If electrodes were immersed in water and a current was passed, the
bubbles of gases were produced. Name these gases. 1 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q3. Name the stage of embryo development in which all the body parts can be
identified. 1 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q4. Tenzin’s mother gave birth to another child with two X chromosome. Can
you tell what the sex of baby is? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q5. What is the angle of incidence of a ray, if the angle of reflection is
0</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">0 </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">by a plane mirror? 1 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q6. An element X combines with oxygen to form an oxide X</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">2</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">O. When X</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">2</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">O is added to water it turnsred
litmus blue.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) Is “X” a metal or a non – metal? 1 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) Is X oxide an acid or base? 1 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q7. Give a balanced chemical equation when sulphur dioxide is dissolved in
water. What is the nature of the product formed? 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q8. Water from taps and hand pumps conducts electricity but distilled water
does not. Why? How can you make distilled water conduct electricity? 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q9. Write the full form of LED. Why we use an LED in place of the electric
bulb in the tester? 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q10. Classify the following animals as viviparous and Oviparous:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Cat, Hens, Snake and an elephant 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q11. Do you think human beings undergo metamorphosis? Support your answer. 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q12. a) What is the most important change which marks puberty in boys and
girls? 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;"> b) When
does the puberty end? 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q13. A 60 cm long boy is looking at his image in the plane mirror.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) What is the size of his image? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) What is the nature of his image? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q14. Draw a diagram showing regular and irregular reflection. 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q15. Define the following term: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) Frequency 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) If an object oscillates 40 times in two second. What would be its
frequency? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q16. Give reason:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) Sodium is always kept in kerosene 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) Aluminium is used as foil 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">c) Gold is used as jewels 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q17. How do metals differ from non-metals in terms of?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.65pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) Physical state 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.65pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) Conductivity 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">c) Ductility 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q18. Write true or false against the following statement:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) During electrolysis of water, hydrogen gas is collected at the positive
electrode. 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) During electroplating the object to be plated is connected to the negative
terminal of the battery 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">c) Copper can be refined by electrolysis 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q19. Label any three part of male reproductive organ in the following
diagram. 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifvJ9xYDT8sQkXe_f_ZgeAb_zVpxqfrFiCMnB4fC-Gs9_TEqToDx9BcD8OA0eXyS1pPWeedgSwBjgocsjhmkD4zMffW7jn9LL-JDJKHkPCpQ9uBhPwU-YoFOwgymsbQn0nzg5Jtfhaa7rc/s1600/155.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 48px;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifvJ9xYDT8sQkXe_f_ZgeAb_zVpxqfrFiCMnB4fC-Gs9_TEqToDx9BcD8OA0eXyS1pPWeedgSwBjgocsjhmkD4zMffW7jn9LL-JDJKHkPCpQ9uBhPwU-YoFOwgymsbQn0nzg5Jtfhaa7rc/s320/155.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q20. Give reason:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) What purpose does the tail in the sperm serve? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) Why do fishes and frogs lay eggs in hundred whereas a hen lay only one
egg at a time? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">c) How could a single cell become such a big individual? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q21. List three secondary sexual character of a female which they observe
during adolescence. 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q22. Answer the following questions:<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYnuqes65Om-zO-AzoYgBIYVdu5k8r7km3sJeclWXzk4ufRpcmhbO09Wqan7eDglQzuJLDpljcxEKwLVs29NLH5yKXj2Rn0Iaqym0RSsDE5hx6FVaP3XJfExO1x3Y5haTQjWxXwfviktUC/s1600/22.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 48px;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYnuqes65Om-zO-AzoYgBIYVdu5k8r7km3sJeclWXzk4ufRpcmhbO09Wqan7eDglQzuJLDpljcxEKwLVs29NLH5yKXj2Rn0Iaqym0RSsDE5hx6FVaP3XJfExO1x3Y5haTQjWxXwfviktUC/s400/22.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) A set of two plane mirrors were placed at 90</span></b><b><sup><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">º</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">to each other. A ray of light falls
on one mirror at an angle of 60</span></b><b><sup><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">º</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">as shown in figure below. Draw the
reflected ray from the second mirror with proper labeling. 1 </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) How many images of a candle will be formed if it is place between two
parallel plane mirrors separated by 10 cm. 1</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">c) How do visually challenged
persons read and write? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q23. Give reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) Why is a woman’s voice more shrilling than a man’s voice? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) Name the factors that affect the “pitch” and “loudness” of a sound. 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">c) In which medium does the sound travel fastest? 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q24. Give three points on how noise pollution is harmful to human. 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q25. The bulb does not glow in the set up shown in figure. List
three possible reasons. 3</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd4rW63EAAd1s1pXBECayN59OR_NsShNXVkCCX3VMae0XMix1tBDk5VMHMZXTxt9XdrYLmF-MB02QVn49bvL6djKx6GCSTpXKU5YwLknzdaFZSAvDj-5PqkbHVUiPOBbpfgzD6a5v8e9eT/s1600/25.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 48px;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd4rW63EAAd1s1pXBECayN59OR_NsShNXVkCCX3VMae0XMix1tBDk5VMHMZXTxt9XdrYLmF-MB02QVn49bvL6djKx6GCSTpXKU5YwLknzdaFZSAvDj-5PqkbHVUiPOBbpfgzD6a5v8e9eT/s1600/25.JPG" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q26. I) Pair up the term given in column A with those in column B 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">COLUMN “A” COLUMN “B”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">a) Sulphur dioxide luster<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">b) Copper water
purification<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">c) Chlorine Electric
wire<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">d) Hydrogen gas Turns
blue litmus red<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">e) Iodine fuel<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">f) Carbon Pop
sound<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 28.35pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">I)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Tashi took a piece of burning charcoal and collected the gas evolved in a
test tube. How willhe find the nature of the gas? 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q27. Complete the following table: 5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 17.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b>Gland<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.95pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b>Hormone
secreted<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b>Action
of hormone<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">1. Thyroid</span></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.95pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">…………………………………</span></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Regulate growth and metabolism<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">2. ……………….</span></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.95pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">………………………………..</span></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Controls heart beat and blood pressure. Regulate<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">3. ……………….</span></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.95pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Insulin</span></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Regulates the amount of sugar in blood.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">4. ……………….</span></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.95pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Growth hormone</span></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Controls growth in human body</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">Q28. i) Label any six part of human eye given below: 3<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWxOHupbucdf4LYJgFlHLD9jXwJEgldygfwbgLn7DpfuE4vob9tZ37VCH3Ec6nHi1uaRoX1lA3Eb-WktCODBuHgu5TWqRLGql1CLHJvA4gQ4o1GN8GPHZyu0lyAUWeB6xP6A1dUkRL8hXF/s1600/28.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 48px;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWxOHupbucdf4LYJgFlHLD9jXwJEgldygfwbgLn7DpfuE4vob9tZ37VCH3Ec6nHi1uaRoX1lA3Eb-WktCODBuHgu5TWqRLGql1CLHJvA4gQ4o1GN8GPHZyu0lyAUWeB6xP6A1dUkRL8hXF/s1600/28.JPG" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no;">ii) Suggest two ways to take care of our eye. 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-language: BO; mso-no-proof: no; text-transform: uppercase;">Best of Luck</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
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</div>
LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-69360465026920126382012-11-08T00:27:00.003-08:002012-11-08T00:27:45.674-08:00FORCE AND PRESSURE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">FORCE
AND PRESSURE</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A
push or a pull on an object is called Force. Force imparts motion to an object.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">FORCE
IS DUE TO AN INTERACTION<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Force
between two objects is result of interaction of these two objects. At least two
objects must interact for a force to come into play.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Force
applied on an object in the same direction adds to one another.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Net
force of two forces acting in the opposite directions on an object is the
difference between the two forces.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The
strength of a force is usually expressed by its magnitude.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A FORCE CAN
CHANGE THE STATE OF MOTION<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">State
of motion of an object is described by the speed and the direction of motion.
The state of rest is considered to be the state of zero speed. State of motion
may be rest or in motion. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Force
induces motion to an object and changes its speed or its direction of motion or
both. Thus, a force changes the state of motion of an object. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">FORCE
CAN CHANGE THE SHAPE OF AN OBJECT<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Applying
force on an object bring change in the shape based on texture of the respective
object. Example: Applying force on a lump of dough changes its shape.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><u>GENERAL TYPES OF FORCES</u><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnH_4twZLO1sxwTHvQtKZG-GleUNi4e3mgAyYWbFmYSxlNYtF3Xq01xxE-nu2h53aQPEnY5ITrytwbJhWC4f99OdZ8NV4JCtuLtwevQux2YyFW_evbmQSvUCA1R1d9ymOtx4ylWiv3uh2N/s1600/Types+of+forces.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnH_4twZLO1sxwTHvQtKZG-GleUNi4e3mgAyYWbFmYSxlNYtF3Xq01xxE-nu2h53aQPEnY5ITrytwbJhWC4f99OdZ8NV4JCtuLtwevQux2YyFW_evbmQSvUCA1R1d9ymOtx4ylWiv3uh2N/s1600/Types+of+forces.JPG" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Contact
force can be applied only when it is in contact with an object. For an example,
Muscular force and frictional force are contact forces i.e. can be applied only
when it is in contact with an object. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Force
resulting due to action of muscles is termed </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">muscular Force</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. Many activities like bending,
movement, breathing, digestion of food, etc involve muscular force.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Opposing
force which acts against all moving object in the direction opposite to the
moving object is called </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">friction</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. It changes state of any moving
object.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Non-contact
force can be exerted on an object without touching it. Magnetic force,
electrostatic force and gravitational force are non-contact forces<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Force
exerted by magnet on a piece of iron or magnet is called </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">magnetic
force.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Force
exerted by a charged body on another charged or uncharged body is known as </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">electrostatic
force</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.
Example, a plastic ruler rubbed with hair attracts small pieces of paper.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The
force of attraction between all masses in the universe is called gravitational </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">force/gravity</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.
The attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface is known
as </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">gravitational force of earth</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">PRESSURE<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Force
acting on a unit area of a surface is called </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">pressure</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mathematically,
Pressure= Force</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">/</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Area on which it acts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">i.e pressure is more if strong
force applied on smaller area of surface.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Liquid
and gases exert pressure on the walls of container.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjums5YJqZD9ZHoBG26XfF6zWSC7bGI4r-QEDsR4WteP74Rc_iCl44poIt5p1RvfeMXiLI8TIGp3J-wmcsXHNUna6UChxl61vxqKklra244DrzQ3FtIb8AsUohbGTNHxWQeRefOFoF0xOG0/s1600/pressure+exerted+by+liquid.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjums5YJqZD9ZHoBG26XfF6zWSC7bGI4r-QEDsR4WteP74Rc_iCl44poIt5p1RvfeMXiLI8TIGp3J-wmcsXHNUna6UChxl61vxqKklra244DrzQ3FtIb8AsUohbGTNHxWQeRefOFoF0xOG0/s1600/pressure+exerted+by+liquid.JPG" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Envelope
of air surrounding earth is called </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">atmosphere</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pressure
exerted by atmosphere is called </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">atmospheric pressure</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The
weight of air in a column of height of atmosphere and area of 10 cm<sup>2</sup>
is as large as 1000 kg.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-89534111962681976762012-11-08T00:23:00.000-08:002012-11-08T00:33:13.425-08:00FRICTION<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></div>
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<b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">FRICTION</span></u></b></b></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction is force which opposes
the relative motion between two surfaces in contact. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgoQHPc4Xf2VFS9Qm3ro-LHLmD626RDNleOselIdyIGmZq2em7W-wiuYbYJns5dzyxJfYEwXWQGnkhZDNlGt14EIv1BxW49X-HWej2zFKg61QERo_g9SSLLcxgN-Vh6kyYO5OnqPb9VU2M/s1600/friction+dir.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="88" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgoQHPc4Xf2VFS9Qm3ro-LHLmD626RDNleOselIdyIGmZq2em7W-wiuYbYJns5dzyxJfYEwXWQGnkhZDNlGt14EIv1BxW49X-HWej2zFKg61QERo_g9SSLLcxgN-Vh6kyYO5OnqPb9VU2M/s400/friction+dir.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><b style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><div style="display: inline !important; text-align: left;">
<b style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Frictional force
always opposes the applied force and change state of motion of an object. Thus,
frictional force is in direction opposite to the applied force.</span></b></b></div>
<b style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction is caused by interlocking
of irregularities of the two contact
surfaces.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie56aKPXv750gMsw1N65Jgd4zputDRwSSklHYx-rm2yiB6XGo68hY7dWzqiELwuiCDIAaHAhcVfVWoCi6Y6bQhaOdph1mlp92Gtt-aRgNLRivuEcdiw3FdkrN9TZC3uei170UzZiGJmS2M/s1600/interlocking.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie56aKPXv750gMsw1N65Jgd4zputDRwSSklHYx-rm2yiB6XGo68hY7dWzqiELwuiCDIAaHAhcVfVWoCi6Y6bQhaOdph1mlp92Gtt-aRgNLRivuEcdiw3FdkrN9TZC3uei170UzZiGJmS2M/s400/interlocking.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Factors affecting friction are;<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 22.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction
depends on the nature of surfaces in contact. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 22.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction
is more between rough surfaces and lesser between smooth surfaces.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 22.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction
depends on how hard the two surfaces press together.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 22.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction
is independent of the area of contact.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">SPRING BALANCE<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">It
is a device used for measuring the force acting on an object. It consists of a
coiled spring and a pointer moving on a graduated scale. When force is applied,
coiled spring stretches and pointer moves along graduation to record magnitude
of the force.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Static friction is force required
to overcome friction at the instant an object starts moving from its resting
position/state.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sliding friction is force
required to keep the object moving with the same speed. It can be also defined
as resistance to the sliding of object/body over another surface.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sliding friction is smaller than
static friction because sliding object didn’t get enough time to interlock with
contact surface (incase of sliding friction).<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">Friction:
A Necessary Evil<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction is essential and required
in many activities as follows;</span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>i.</span></b><b style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">
It is difficult to hold objects without friction. Example, a glass with grease
is difficult to hold as grease reduces friction.</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">We
can’t write with pen, pencil, chalks if there is no friction. When we write
with pencil, rough surface of paper rubs off some particles of pencil
lead/graphite on to paper and appears letters.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction
helps objects to move, stop and change direction. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">We
can’t walk without friction<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>v.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Without
friction, we can’t construct houses or buildings.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction on the other hand is
evil and not required because<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction
wears out materials like soles of shoes, ball bearings, steps of a stair, parts
of machine, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Friction
produces heat causing wastage of energy and cause damage in machines.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">INCREASING AND REDUCING FRICTION<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">We deliberately increases
friction by following ways<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Provision
of different pattern of grooves in soles of shoes. It is done to provide shoes
better grip on the floor, so we can move comfortably.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>ii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Treaded
tyres of car, trucks and bulldozers provide better grip with ground.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>iii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Scooter,
bicycles and automobiles are provided with brake systems. When we press brake
lever, brake pads arrest the motion of rim due to friction and thus the wheel
stops moving.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">In some situation we reduce
friction in following methods<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Use
of carom powder on carom board to reduce friction<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>ii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">We
apply lubricants like grease, oil and graphite to moving parts of machine in
order to reduce friction.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>iii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Air
cushion between moving object and surface on which it moves reduces friction.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>iv.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Wheels
and ball bearings also reduce friction by rolling phenomena.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lubricants are substances which
reduce friction by forming thin layer on the moving surface which avoiding
interlocking of irregularities that leads to friction at greater extent. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rolling friction is the
resistance to the movement of an object/body rolling over another surface. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">FLUID
FRICTION</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Common term for gases and liquids
is fluid.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fluids exert force on the object
in motion through them. The frictional force exerted by fluid is called </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">fluid
friction or drag.</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Frictional force on an object in
a fluid depends on<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 31.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nature
of the fluid<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 31.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>ii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Shape
of the object<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 31.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span>iii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Speed
with respect to the fluid<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">To
overcome drag, objects are provided with special shape called streamlined. For
example shape of an airplane, fishes, birds, etc.</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.6pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<br /></div>
LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-72922189562729369172012-10-30T05:14:00.001-07:002013-04-20T23:35:59.093-07:00CELL-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">CELL-STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cell is the basic structural and
functional unit of an organism.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">DISCOVERY
OF THE CELL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Robert Hooke in 1665 observed
honey comb like boxes or partitioned compartments under simple magnifying
device from the thin slices of cork. He coined the term ‘CELL’ for each
compartment. Cells in the cork are seen as dead cells by him.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Improved microscope with high
magnification power lead to discovery of cell- its structure and functions.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Many cells are microscopic and
some cells like egg of hen, duck or ostrich are single celled which can be seen
by naked eye (unaided eye). <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ORGANISMS
SHOW VARIETY IN CELL NUMBER, SHAPE, AND SIZE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Specialised cells make tissue,
tissues form organ, Organs make an organ system and organ systems make an
organism.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Each organ performs specific and specialised
function.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">NUMBER
OF CELLS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Human body is made up of
trillions of cells which very in shapes and sizes. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Different group of cells perform
different functions. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Organisms may be unicellular made
up of only one cell or multicellular having more than one cell.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Every organisms begins life from
single cell i.e. fertilised egg (which multiplies and developed to form an
organism).<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Unicellular organisms can perform
almost all life processes like digestion, growth, reproduction, excretion,
respiration e.t.c.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">SHAPE
OF CELLS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Microbes are irregular in shape. Example, Amoeba has varying
projections/protrusions coming out of its body. These are called PSEUDOPODIA (<i>Pseudo</i>: False, <i>Podia</i>: feet). Pseudopodia appear and disappear as amoeba moves or
feeds.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizLJ5q8w56c8pLC3tofSeIN5m5vXFEc3d_S19sBiY0-s9eoU07a5eUqJGr3ZCgryBRdJ9dFDc-NIRvT6V2c0zsPmr84ak4APaqp6I8Mbp3dzLENk4IgEUivjUnfuQoxsS84hyphenhypheno8E5Pf-4S/s1600/amoeba.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizLJ5q8w56c8pLC3tofSeIN5m5vXFEc3d_S19sBiY0-s9eoU07a5eUqJGr3ZCgryBRdJ9dFDc-NIRvT6V2c0zsPmr84ak4APaqp6I8Mbp3dzLENk4IgEUivjUnfuQoxsS84hyphenhypheno8E5Pf-4S/s1600/amoeba.jpg" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">White blood cell (WBC) can change
its shape.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Shape of cell determines the
specific function.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cells may be round, spherical,
elongated, long, pointed at both ends, spindle shaped, branched.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nerve cell/Neuron is a branched
cell which receives and transfers messages, thereby helping to control and
coordinate the working of different parts of the body.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cell membrane and cell wall gives
rigidity and shape. Cell wall is found in plants and bacteria not in animal
cell.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">SIZE
OF CELLS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Most cells are microscopic and
invisible to naked eye. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Smallest cell measures 0.1-0.5
micrometer. Example: Bacterium<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Largest cell is egg of Ostrich egg measuring
170X130 mm.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Size of cell has no relation with
size of the body of animal and function. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PARTS
OF CELL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Basic components of cell are:
Cell membrane, Cytoplasm and Nucleus.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cell Membrane/Plasma membrane/Plasmalemma</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">:
Enclose cytoplasm and nucleus. It separates from one another and from
surrounding medium. It is porous and allows the movement of substances or
materials both inward and outward. Cell membrane gives shape to the cell and is
surrounded by cell wall in bacteria and plant cells. Cell wall gives protection
to cell against variations in temperature, high wind speed, atmospheric
moisture, etc. Vacuole is found large in plant cell and little in animal cell.
Plastids are found in plant cells of different colour. Green coloured plastids
containing chlorophyll are chloroplasts. They provide green colour to plant
leaves and helps in photosynthesis.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cytoplasm</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">:
It is Jelly like substance present between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Various other organelles of cells like mitochondria, golgi bodies, ribosome,
Vacuole, chloroplast (found only in plant cells and some prokaryotes), etc are
present in it.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nucleus</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">:
It is most important component found as spherically shaped at the centre of
cell. Nuclear membrane surrounds nucleus and separates from cytoplasm. The
membrane is porous allowing movement of materials from in and out of nucleus.
Nucleolus is the spherical body inside nucleus composed of thread-like
structures called chromosomes. These carry genes and helps in inheritance or
transfer of characters from the parents to the offspring. Role of nucleus is inheritance and controls
all the activities of the cell.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Protoplasm is living content of
cell composed of nucleus and cytoplasm.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">GENE: It is unit of inheritance
in living organisms and controls transfer of a hereditary characteristic from
parents to offspring. Different genetic combination result in different
characteristics.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Prokaryotes (Pro: <i>primitive</i>; Karyon: <i>Nucleus</i>) are organisms without well organized nucleus i.e don’t
have nuclear membrane. Example; Bacteria and Blue green algae.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Eukaryotes (Eu: <i>True</i>; Karyon: <i>Nucleus</i>) are organisms with well organized nucleus with nuclear
membrane. All organisms other than bacteria and blue green algae.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">COMPARISON OF PLANT CELL AND
ANIMAL CELL<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0.45in; text-align: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" width="188"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PART/COMPONENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" width="285"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PLANT CELL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.5pt;" width="263"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ANIMAL CELL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" width="188"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cell
Membrane<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" width="285"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.5pt;" width="263"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" width="188"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cell
Wall<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" width="285"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.5pt;" width="263"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Absent<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" width="188"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nucleus<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" width="285"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.5pt;" width="263"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" width="188"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nuclear
Membrane<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" width="285"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.5pt;" width="263"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" width="188"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cytoplasm<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" width="285"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.5pt;" width="263"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" width="188"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Plastids<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" width="285"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.5pt;" width="263"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Absent<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 112.5pt;" width="188"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Vacuole<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bigger vacuole present<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Present in smaller size<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-85937349344806605562012-10-22T04:30:00.000-07:002012-11-08T00:37:09.294-08:00COMBUSTION AND FLAME<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">COMBUSTION AND
FLAME<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fuel:
Combustible substance which provides energy on burning in air. Fuel may be
solid, liquid or gaseous. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Solid fuels:
Wood, coal, cowdung, charcoal, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Liquid fuels:
kerosene, petrol, diesel, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gaseous fuels:
Compressed Natural Gas(CNG), liquid Petroleum Gas(LPG), Coal gas, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Combustion is a
chemical process in which a combustible substance reacts with oxygen to give
off energy in the form of heat and light. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Magnesium (Mg)
burns to form Magnesium oxide (MO) and produces heat and light<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Burning of charcoal
in air produce carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), heat and light.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">In the sun, heat
and light are produced by nuclear reaction.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ignition
temperature is the lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire. Below ignition
temperature, a substance can’t catch fire.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Conditions
required to produce fire: Fuel, air (Oxygen) and heat (to raise ignition temperature).<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Inflammable
substances are substances which have very low ignition temperature and can
easily catches fire with flame. Examples: Alcohol, petrol, LPG, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Early
matchsticks were made of mixture of antimony trisulphide, potassium chlorate
and white phosphorus with some glue and starch. Modern matchstick head is made
by potassium chlorate and trisulphide. Rubbing surface of match stick is made of
powdered glass and little red phosphorus.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">When head of the
match stick is rubbed against rubbing surface, red phosphorus in rubbing
surface get converted into white phosphorus which reacts with Potassium chlorate
in head in order to generate enough heat to ignite antimony trisulphide and start
combustion.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Water lowers
ignition temperature to prevent fire from spreading. Water vapour cut air
supply and extinguishes fire. Water extinguishes fire of burning wood ad paper.
Water is not suitable for fires
involving oil, petrol and electricity.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Carbondioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)
extinguisher suits best for electrical equipment and inflammable materials like
petrol. CO<sub>2 </sub>is heavier than oxygen, covers the fire like a blanket
and cuts oxygen. Carbondioxide has least harm to electrical equipments. Sodium
bicarbonate/baking soda and potassium bicarbonate powder are source of CO<sub>2</sub>
i.e. release CO<sub>2</sub>. <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">TYPES OF COMBUSTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rapid combustion
is a type of combustion where combustible substance like gas burns rapidly and
produces heat and light.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Spontaneous
combustion is a type of combustion in which a material suddenly burst into
flames, without application of any apparent cause. Example: Burning of
phosphorus in air at room temperature, burning of coal dust, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Explosion is a
sudden reaction where large amount of gas is liberated along with heat, light
and sound. Example: Cracking of fire crackers.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">FLAME<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN0y11GFFn6AXCaIyIgd0xdaP2D-RN18Ui18hCrqpuSQsGKYUGYNkiJMFiW5WiXqFak_D85w7SZ_jtMlcGhefMLErI6o1DUMalcHhP62ppNVThcj4kmqVSpVagbgJ1GNFmoDxR2uiPVaS8/s1600/different+zones+of+candle+flame.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN0y11GFFn6AXCaIyIgd0xdaP2D-RN18Ui18hCrqpuSQsGKYUGYNkiJMFiW5WiXqFak_D85w7SZ_jtMlcGhefMLErI6o1DUMalcHhP62ppNVThcj4kmqVSpVagbgJ1GNFmoDxR2uiPVaS8/s1600/different+zones+of+candle+flame.png" /></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">Substance which vapourise during burning
gives flame. Unburnt carbon particles deposits as black coloured substances on
burning<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">FUEL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ideal fuel is
one which is readily available, cheap, burns easily in air at moderate rate and
produces a large amount of heat. It does not leave behind any undesirable
substances.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Calorific value</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> is the amount of heat energy produced on complete
combustion of 1 kg of a fuel. It is expressed in Kilojoule per kg(KJ/Kg).<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">BURNING OF FUELS LEAD TO HARMFUL
PRODUCTS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">Increasing fuel consumption has following
harmful effect;<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cause disease
and pollute environment: </span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Carbon fuels
like wood, coal, petroleum release unburnt carbon particles which are
pollutants and cause respiratory disease like asthma.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Produce Carbon
monoxide gas:</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Incomplete
combustion of these fuels gives carbon monoxide gas which is very poisonous gas
which may kill the person inhaling it.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cause Global
Warming:</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Combustion of
most fuels releases carbon dioxide in environment which may finally cause
global warming. Global warming is rise in temperature of atmosphere of earth
resulting in melting of polar glacier leading to rise in sea level, causing
floods in the coastal areas. Low lying coastal areas may even be permanently
submerged under water.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Acid rain:</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Burning of coal and diesel release sulphur dioxide
gas. It is an extremely suffocating and corrosive gas. Oxides of nitrogen are
produced by petrol engines. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur dissolve with rain
water to form acid rain which is very harmful for crops, buildings and soil.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: large;">Use of petrol and diesel as fuels in
automobiles is replaced by CNG(Compressed Natural Gas) because CNG produce less
harmful products.</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-30889136914353363892012-06-26T03:31:00.002-07:002012-06-26T08:02:58.438-07:00SOUND<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">SOUND<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sound is produced by the vibration
of materials.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Oscillatory/vibratory motion is a
type of motion where body moves to and fro or back and forth repeatedly about a
mean/central position.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Vibration or oscillation is one
complete to and fro or back and forth motion of oscillating body about its mean
position.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Musical instruments are forced to
vibrate by plucking string, striking membrane, beating string, etc and it is
the vibration of the instrument that we hear.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In human, the sound is produced by
vocal cords present in voice box (larynx) located at the upper end of the
windpipe. Vocal cords vibrate to produce sound when lungs force air through the
cord’s slit. Muscles attached to the vocal cords make the cords tight or loose.
Quality of voice depends on nature of the cord muscle. Tight and thin cord muscle
has different voice from loose and thick muscle.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZFBeurJBnaCB9bNnMUiuL-WbO4B0ogO0w61beZOYhuQaju_uEqcs9Z-_ppRy5ipS6QmrR8r99u8eSTw9qkJzIYMhLxSBhFrrThJwmivDVDKLBbyLey8C-j6zwM_9I4LKpxbJbkX8bu7W/s1600/larynx+g.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZFBeurJBnaCB9bNnMUiuL-WbO4B0ogO0w61beZOYhuQaju_uEqcs9Z-_ppRy5ipS6QmrR8r99u8eSTw9qkJzIYMhLxSBhFrrThJwmivDVDKLBbyLey8C-j6zwM_9I4LKpxbJbkX8bu7W/s1600/larynx+g.jpg" /></a>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sound travels through a medium
(gas, liquid or solid). It can’t travel in vacuum.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Human ear has three main parts:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">OUTER
EAR: Has canal with eardrum (stretched membrane like stretched rubber sheet).<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">MIDDLE
EAR: Has set of three bones linked together and attached to ear drum.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">INNER
EAR: Inner ear changes received vibrations from middle ear into nerve impulses.
Nerve impulses are carried by auditory nerves to brain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Human hear sound through ears. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIFJFTHY2bm0V218ACLDxU6eTs6Vy1SJqb5jST-2WGuHs-Jql5TTBz4gpSmRzkl12T6U1P9E0yMfmqrGKqwlXNqtyxYQxpDkDrlmXEurFuEZcf6WGhw4joJSrYDGwq7qNSgiQTR0ubWzbE/s1600/Ear+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIFJFTHY2bm0V218ACLDxU6eTs6Vy1SJqb5jST-2WGuHs-Jql5TTBz4gpSmRzkl12T6U1P9E0yMfmqrGKqwlXNqtyxYQxpDkDrlmXEurFuEZcf6WGhw4joJSrYDGwq7qNSgiQTR0ubWzbE/s1600/Ear+1.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sound enters funnel
shaped outer part of ear and travels down a canal to eardrum which vibrates,
sends vibration to inner ear. Inner ear changes received vibrations from middle
ear into nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are carried by auditory nerves to
brain. Brain interprets impulses and sound is heard.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Musical sound is characteristic sound
which produces pleasant sensation on ear.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Musical instruments are generally
of following types<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 27pt; width: 698px;">
<tbody>
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<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.9pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TYPES OF
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 252.95pt;" valign="top" width="337"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">NATURE OF
SOUND PRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">EXAMPLES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.9pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">String
Instruments<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 252.95pt;" valign="top" width="337"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Vibration of
string produce sound<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Sitar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.9pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Wind/Reed
Instruments<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 252.95pt;" valign="top" width="337"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Column of air
is vibrated by blowing directly
through tubes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Flute, <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Membrane
Instrument<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 252.95pt;" valign="top" width="337"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Vibration of
skin or membrane mounted on the instruments<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Tabla, Drum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.9pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Ghana Vadya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 252.95pt;" valign="top" width="337"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Beaten or
struck to produce musical sound<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 71.95pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Cymbals, Jal
Tarang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Noise is sound which produce
unpleasant sensation on the ears.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Time period is defined as time
taken by a vibrating body to complete one oscillation.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 0px;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXZiWUnMTVf0vrkS1CNGVJuvEJrrA8tj8h821EBPqT6CbJXwmu1GGyA-gJpfrOf8m8zDA_-JzSM_GR_CtfUPXlFKTLX_oR82ZTFDQxJ6x9nzSt7IlSA1ojujvOACX0POVrshzN_vWkYse5/s1600/time+period+by+lhakpa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 0px;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXZiWUnMTVf0vrkS1CNGVJuvEJrrA8tj8h821EBPqT6CbJXwmu1GGyA-gJpfrOf8m8zDA_-JzSM_GR_CtfUPXlFKTLX_oR82ZTFDQxJ6x9nzSt7IlSA1ojujvOACX0POVrshzN_vWkYse5/s1600/time+period+by+lhakpa.JPG" /></a></b></span>
</div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-indent: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Frequency is the number of
oscillations completed by a vibrating body in one second. Unit of frequency is hertz
(Hz).<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBDrU3jy8rkDNS51V6LCbYu0lneg92dLMyVcf1EU2bV_qonxaLnV5Y5eBHtRkFGJ1WSQuM83FoMT_pBjpxlfARBWqEuI3QI3Ztx76ms-r6Hjm1VpLQYmDhKCZNnGshweqO96oI6sPLnom7/s1600/frequency+by+lhakpa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBDrU3jy8rkDNS51V6LCbYu0lneg92dLMyVcf1EU2bV_qonxaLnV5Y5eBHtRkFGJ1WSQuM83FoMT_pBjpxlfARBWqEuI3QI3Ztx76ms-r6Hjm1VpLQYmDhKCZNnGshweqO96oI6sPLnom7/s1600/frequency+by+lhakpa.JPG" /></a></b></span>
</div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Frequency determines the shrillness/pitch
of sound. If the frequency of the vibration is higher, higher is the pitch and
shriller is the sound.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Amplitude is maximum displacement
of an oscillating body from its central position.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Human voice can produce sounds with
frequency between 60Hz-13,000Hz. Normal human ear can hear sound of frequency
between 20Hz-20,000Hz. Such sound is called audible. Inaudible sound has
frequencies lower than 20Hz.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The sound of frequency greater than
20,000Hz is called Ultrasonic.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Loudness of sound depends on the
amplitude of vibration. It is proportional to the square of the amplitude of
the vibration producing the sound. It is, if amplitude becomes twice, the
loudness increases by a factor of 4. Loudness is expressed in a unit of decibel
(dB).<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">When amplitude of
vibration is large, sound produced is loud.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Above 80dB the noise becomes
physically painful.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Noise pollution is caused due to
vehicles, machines, crackers, explosions, loudspeakers including television and
radio at high volumes, aeroplanes, factory, etc<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Harm of excessive noise pollution<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Lack of sleep<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Hypertension(High blood pressure)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Anxiety<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Impairment of hearing temporary or
even permanently<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Measures to limit noise pollution<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Silencing devices must be installed
in air craft engines, transport vehicles, Industrial machines and home
appliance.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Noise producing industries should
be set up away from residential areas.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Airport, railway stations and bus
stations should be made away from residential areas.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Use of automobile horns should be
minimized.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">TV, music systems should be run at
low volumes.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Trees must be planted along the
roads and around building.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Use of high noise creating crackers
should be avoided.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
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</div>LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2981854965709403789.post-56665002178890015212012-06-26T03:22:00.001-07:002012-06-26T04:11:30.370-07:00REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESCENCE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">REACHING
THE AGE OF ADOLESCENCE<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Adolescence: The period of life,
when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Adolescence begins around the age
of 11 and lasts up to 18 or 19 years of age. Adolescents are called TEENAGERS
as this period covers the teens (13-18 or 19 years of age). For females, the
adolescence begins a year or two earlier than boys. The period of adolescence
varies from person to person.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Puberty: The period of adolescence
during which an adolescent reaches sexual maturity and becomes able to
reproduce.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">CHANGES AT PUBERTY<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b style="background-color: white; text-indent: -0.25in;"><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Increase in Height</span></u></b><b style="background-color: white; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">: There is sudden increase in
height of person during puberty due to elongation of the bones of arms and
legs. Even though height of person depends on inherited gene, eating habit and
exercise during adolescence also decides height. Initially girls grow faster
than boys. Both reach maximum height by the age of about 18 year.</span></b></div>
<b></b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><b style="background-color: white; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*Formula for calculating full height(cm) = Present height(cm)/ % of full height
at this age X 100</span></b></b></div>
<b>
</b><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Changes in body shape</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">: In boys, the shoulders broaden
and muscles of the body grow more prominently than in the girls. For girls,
there is widening of the region below the waist and less growth of muscle.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Voice change</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">: Voice box/larynx in boy develops
into larger in size, seen as protruding part of throat as ADAM’S APPLE. In
girls, larynx is hardly visible due to smaller size in growth. Boys have deep
voice where as girls have high pitch voice. In boys, voice may become hoarse as
muscles of growing voice box grow out of control.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Increased activity of sweat and
sebaceous glands</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">:
During puberty, there is increase in the secretion of sweat glands and
sebaceous glands which may lead to appearance of acne and pimples.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Development of sex organ</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">: At puberty, male sex organs like
testes and penis develop completely and begin to produce sperms. In girls, the
ovaries enlarge and start releasing eggs/ova.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Reaching mental, intellectual and
emotional maturity</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">:
Adolescents are more independent and self conscious than earlier. They tend to
think more. Feeling of insecure when while trying to adjust to the changes in
mind and body is prominent. During adolescence, a person’s brain has greatest
capacity for learning. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">SECONDARY SEXUAL
CHARACTERS</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">:
Characters which develops prominently during adolescence which helps to
distinguish between male and female are known as secondary sexual characters.
Some of these characters are as listed below;<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; width: 619px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 6.45in;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 220.25pt;" valign="top" width="294"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">FEMALE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 244.15pt;" valign="top" width="326"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">MALE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 220.25pt;" valign="top" width="294"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Begins to
develop breasts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 244.15pt;" valign="top" width="326"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Begins to grow
facial hair i.e. moustaches, beard<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 220.25pt;" valign="top" width="294"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Hair under
arms, pubic region<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 244.15pt;" valign="top" width="326"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Hair on chest,
arm pit, pubic region<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Hormones are chemical substances
secreted by endocrine system/ endocrine glands (Ductless gland i.e. endocrine
glands release hormone directly into blood stream to reach particular body part/TARGET
SITE). Hormones control the changes during adolescence. Pituitary gland (found
attached to brain) secretes hormone which in turn control the production of
hormone from other endocrine glands. Some endocrine glands, their secretion and effect are given in the
table below;<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; width: 711px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td colspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.55pt;" width="157"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">ENDOCRINE GLAND/ORGAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" width="108"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">SECRETION or HORMONE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" width="288"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">FUNCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 118.85pt;" width="158"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">HORMONAL DEFICIENCY DISEASE OF THE HORMONE
PRODUCED<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: black; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: windowtext; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.05pt;" width="79"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">SEX HORMONE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.95pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Testis in <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.95pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">male<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Testosterone<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Secondary
sexual characters like growth of facial hair<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 118.85pt;" valign="top" width="158"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.95pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Ovary in <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.95pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">female<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Estrogen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Develop
breasts(*Mammary glands develop inside breasts)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 118.85pt;" valign="top" width="158"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: black; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: windowtext; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 59.05pt;" width="79"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">HORMONES OTHER THAN SEX HORMONE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.95pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Pancreas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Insulin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Control
carbohydrate metabolism<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 118.85pt;" valign="top" width="158"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Diabetes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.95pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Pituitary <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.95pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">gland<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Growth
hormones<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Regulate
normal growth of person<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 118.85pt;" valign="top" width="158"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.95pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Adrenal <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.95pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">glands<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Adrenalin
Hormone<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Helps body to
adjust to stress resulted by anger, worry etc. Maintains correct salt balance
in the blood<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Thyroid<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Thyroxine<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Controls body
metabolism<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Goitre <i>(Sufficient Iodine in diet may precvent
goitre)</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ROLE OF HORMONES IN
INITIATING REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5KWu4RfGmID4IFDEaS-D3-VGYwYzqDDTMs7zd62wJ516DCKUJ84izalDkMOsyE3Upzb6CRVsYMdhP39z8a3JKNPJ88Ch6DTNDHkk9Ay4oW6QUgAFhJ6izZHAHSyxaGV2C6mE3oSwttApb/s1600/hormone+by+lhakpa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5KWu4RfGmID4IFDEaS-D3-VGYwYzqDDTMs7zd62wJ516DCKUJ84izalDkMOsyE3Upzb6CRVsYMdhP39z8a3JKNPJ88Ch6DTNDHkk9Ay4oW6QUgAFhJ6izZHAHSyxaGV2C6mE3oSwttApb/s1600/hormone+by+lhakpa.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ROLE OF HORMONES IN
COMPLETING THE LIFE HISTORY OF INSECTS AND FROGS</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">: Metamorphosis (Change from larva
to adult) in insects is controlled by insect hormones. In frog, thyroid should
produce thyroxine hormone for metamorphosis (change from tadpoles to adult
frog). Sufficient iodine in the water is also an important criteria for
metamorphosis in frog.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">REPRODUCTIVE PHASE OF
LIFE IN HUMANS: <o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Adolescents become capable of
reproduction when their testes and ovaries begin to produce gametes.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In females, reproductive phase of
life begins at puberty (10-12 years of age and generally lasts till the age of
approximately 45-50 years). <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Ova mature and is released by one
of the ovaries once in about 28-30 days. During this period, the uterus becomes
thick so as to receive the mature ova. Fertilized egg develops pregnancy. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Unfertilized egg along with the
thickened lining of uterus and blood vessels are shed off in the form of
bleeding in women once in about 28-30 days is termed MENSTRUATION.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Initial menstrual flow begins at
puberty and is termed MENARCHE.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Stoppage of menstrual cycle at
45-50 years of age is called MENOPAUSE.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Initially, menstrual cycle may be
irregular. It takes some time to become regular.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">HOW IS THE SEX OF THE
BABY DETERMINED?<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Instruction for determining the sex
of a baby is present in the chromosome of fertilized egg (zygote).Human have 23
pairs of chromosomes including two sex chromosome (X and Y) in the nucleus of
their cells. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Females have two X chromosomes and
males have one X and one Y chromosome.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Unfertilized egg has one X
chromosome. Sperm may have one X chromosome or Y chromosome. Therefore, sex chromosomes
of the father determine the sex of the unborn baby.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The physical and mental well being
of an individual is regarded as health. To keep the body healthy, every human
being at any age needs to have a balanced diet, must observe personal hygiene
and undertake adequate physical exercise.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Nutritional
needs of the adolescents</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">:
Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth and development. So, balanced diet
comprising proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins in requisite
quantity is essential. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">*Iron builds blood. Iron rich food
such as leafy vegetables, jiggery, meat, citrus, Indian gooseberry is good for
adolescent.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Personal
hygiene</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">:
Take bath once a day. It is more necessary for adolescents due to increased
activity of sweat glands which may lead to smelly body. All parts of body
should be washed and cleaned everyday.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Physical
exercise</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">:
Adolescents should take walk, exercise and play outdoor games in fresh air to
keep them fit and healthy.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Say no to drugs: Shouldn’t use
drugs for relief until and unless doctor prescribes. If taken once, you will feel like taking them
again and again which will ruin health and happiness. Dangerous virus like HIV
can be transmitted through sexual contact with infected person or by sharing
the syringes used by infected person for injecting drug.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</div>LHAKPA WANGYALhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08897707750300050698noreply@blogger.com0